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Sunday, October 6, 2013
Thursday, April 18, 2013
Saturday, February 23, 2013
Assignment 2 (Chapter 3) IHS 1
1)
Discuss on the greenhouse effect and
its consequences towards the environmental and globalization
The greenhouse effect is
the phenomenon whereby the earth's atmosphere
traps solar radiation, caused by the presence in the atmosphere of gases such
as carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane that allow incoming sunlight to
pass through but absorb heat radiated back from the earth's surface. These gases include carbon dioxide, emitted
by fossil fuel burning and deforestation, and methane, released from rice paddies
and landfill sites. The
greenhouse effect is created by greenhouse gases. The consequences the
greenhouse effect to environmental and globalization is most difficult to
predicting because the natural processes
that cause rain, hail and snow storms, increases in sea level and other
expected effects of global warming are dependent on many different factors. It
is also difficult to predict the size of the emissions of greenhouse gases in
the coming decades, as this is determined to a great extent by political
decisions and technological breakthroughs. The most issue cause by greenhouse
effect is a climate change. This is because the climate change is a
global issue and composition of the atmosphere which surrounds the planet is
altering as a result of the emissions of tones of polluting gases, called
greenhouse gases - GHGs) from industry, transportation, agriculture and
consumer practices. With this thickening blanket of gases, the atmosphere is
gradually warming. The entire planet will be affected by the climatic changes
and impacts which are predicted example is increased droughts and floods,
rising sea-levels, more extreme temperatures,
The effect that can be predict include more drought and more flooding When the weather gets warmer, evaporation from both land and sea
increases. This can cause drought in areas of the world where the increased
evaporation is not compensated for by more precipitation. In some regions of
the world this will result in crop failure and famine especially in areas where
temperatures are already high. The extra water vapour in the atmosphere will
fall again as extra rain, which can cause flooding in other places in the
world. The glaciers are shrinking rapidly at
present. Ice appears to be melting faster than previously estimated. In areas
that are dependent on melt water from mountain areas, this can cause drought
and lack of domestic water supply. The extreme weather incidents also occur
when the warmer climate is more heat waves, more violent rainfall and also an
increase in the number and or severity of storms. The effect of rising sea
level is rises because of melting ice and snow and because of the
thermal expansion of the sea (water expands when warmed). Areas that are just
above sea level now may become submerged. Coastal and shallow marine plants and
animals will be affected, for example mangroves and coral reefs. The increase in
standing water may allow more insects like mosquitoes and diseases spread by
insects, such as Lyme’s disease.
2) List down five (5) reason for
the cause of ozone depletion
i.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
ii.
Halons
iii.
Methyl Chloroform
iv.
Carbon Tetrachloride
v.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
3)
Explain
the process of acid rain. List down and discuss three (3) effect of acid rain
toward the environmental
Acid rain, form of air pollution in which airborne
acids produced by electric utility plants and other sources fall to Earth in
distant regions. The corrosive nature of acid rain causes widespread damage to
the environment. The problem begins with the production of sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas,
and oil, and from certain kinds of manufacturing. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid,
nitric acid, and other pollutants. These acid pollutants reach high into the
atmosphere, travel with the wind for hundreds of miles, and eventually return
to the ground by way of rain, snow, or fog, and as invisible “dry” forms. Acid
rain leaches nutrients from soils, slows the growth of trees, and makes lakes
uninhabitable for fish and other wildlife. In cities, acid pollutants corrode
almost everything they touch, accelerating natural wear and tear on structures
such as buildings and statues. Acids combine with other chemicals to form urban
smog, which attacks the lungs, causing illness and premature deaths. The process that leads
to acid rain begins with the burning of fossil fuels. Burning, or combustion,
is a chemical reaction in which oxygen from the air combines with carbon,
nitrogen, sulfur, and other elements in the substance being burned. The new
compounds formed are gases called oxides. When sulfur and nitrogen are present in the fuel, their reaction
with oxygen yields sulfur dioxide and various nitrogen oxide compounds. Once in the atmosphere,
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides undergo complex reactions with water vapor
and other chemicals to yield sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other pollutants
called nitrates and sulfates. The acid compounds are carried by air currents
and the wind, sometimes over long distances. When clouds or fog form in
acid-laden air, they too are acidic, and so is the rain or snow that falls from
them. Acid pollutants also occur as dry particles and as gases,
which may reach the ground without the help of water. When these “dry” acids
are washed from ground surfaces by rain, they add to the acids in the rain
itself to produce a still more corrosive solution. The combination of acid rain
and dry acids is known as acid deposition.
Effect of the acid rain to environmental
1. Soil
In soil, acid rain dissolves
and washes away nutrients needed by plants. It can also dissolve toxic
substances, such as aluminium and mercury, which are naturally present in some
soils, freeing these toxins to pollute water or to poison plants that absorb
them. Some soils are quite alkaline and can neutralize acid deposition
indefinitely or others, especially thin mountain soils derived from granite or
gneiss, buffer acid only briefly.
2. Agriculture
Most farm crops are less
affected by acid rain than are forests. The deep soils of many farm regions can
absorb and neutralize large amounts of acid. Mountain farms are more at risk the
thin soils in these higher elevations cannot neutralize so much acid. Farmers
can prevent acid rain damage by monitoring the condition of the soil and, when
necessary, adding crushed limestone to the soil to neutralize acid. If
excessive amounts of nutrients have been leached out of the soil, farmers can
replace them by adding nutrient-rich fertilizer.
3. Trees
By removing useful nutrients
from the soil, acid rain slows the growth of plants, especially trees. It also
attacks trees more directly by eating holes in the waxy coating of leaves and
needles, causing brown dead spots. If many such spots form, a tree loses some
of its ability to make food through photosynthesis. Also, organisms that cause
disease can infect the tree through its injured leaves. Once weakened, trees
are more vulnerable to other stresses, such as insect infestations, drought,
and cold temperatures. Spruce and fir forests at higher
elevations, where the trees literally touch the acid clouds, seem to be most at
risk.
happy bday chenta
yeah ! today is my chenta bday !! hapy bday ♡... hope u always success ya !
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